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Maladies infectieuses émergentes / Biodiversité/ Climat

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Nature. 2010 Dec 2;468(7324):647-52.
Impacts of biodiversity on the emergence and transmission of infectious diseases.
Keesing F, Belden LK, Daszak P, Dobson A, Harvell CD, Holt RD, Hudson P, Jolles A, Jones KE, Mitchell CE, Myers SS, Bogich T, Ostfeld RS.

Department of Biology, Bard College, Annandale, New York 12504, USA.
Abstract
Current unprecedented declines in biodiversity reduce the ability of ecological communities to provide many fundamental ecosystem services. Here we evaluate evidence that reduced biodiversity affects the transmission of infectious diseases of humans, other animals and plants. In principle, loss of biodiversity could either increase or decrease disease transmission. However, mounting evidence indicates that biodiversity loss frequently increases disease transmission. In contrast, areas of naturally high biodiversity may serve as a source pool for new pathogens. Overall, despite many remaining questions, current evidence indicates that preserving intact ecosystems and their endemic biodiversity should generally reduce the prevalence of infectious diseases.

PMID: 21124449 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21124449
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Re: Maladies infectieuses émergentes / Biodiversité

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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21412082
Climate change and children's health.
Bernstein AS, Myers SS.

aCenter for Health and the Global Environment, Harvard Medical School, USA bChildren's Hospital Boston, USA cMount Auburn Hospital, USA dDepartment of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To present the latest data that demonstrate how climate change affects children's health and to identify the principal ways in which climate change puts children's health at risk.

RECENT FINDINGS: Data continue to emerge that further implicate climate change as contributing to health burdens in children. Climate models have become even more sophisticated and consistently forecast that greenhouse gas emissions will lead to higher mean temperatures that promote more intense storms and droughts, both of which have profound implications for child health. Recent climate models shed light upon the spread of vector-borne disease, including Lyme disease in North America and malaria in Africa. Modeling studies have found that conditions conducive to forest fires, which generate harmful air pollutants and damage agriculture, are likely to become more prevalent in this century due to the effects of greenhouse gases added to earth's atmosphere.

SUMMARY: Through many pathways, and in particular via placing additional stress upon the availability of food, clean air, and clean water and by potentially expanding the burden of disease from certain vector-borne diseases, climate change represents a major threat to child health. Pediatricians have already seen and will increasingly see the adverse health effects of climate change in their practices. Because of this, and many other reasons, pediatricians have a unique capacity to help resolve the climate change problem.
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